Studio Classroom- September 1- [Profile] Do Hard Things

【Chat Room】

• 本日討論例句：
  The message is simple but powerful: Be ambitious, become a leader, change the world.
• Q：Why does this series only use comma(,) and not the word "and"?
  A：Usually items in the series that three or more are seperated by comma with the conjunction like "and" or "or" before the final item.
  But sometimes for emphasis we can make changes to how we present a series, to make the series more rapid and to suggest important excitement, you can move all of the conjunction and just use the commas.
  ex:
  1. The United States government is of the people, by the people, for the people.
  2. I like my hotdog with everything, lettuce, tomoto, onion, ketchup, mustard.
• Q：But we could still end the word "and" in those sentences, right?
  A：Yes, but by a ..."and", another style aspect is added to the sentence, not using "and" suggest that the list is possibly endless.
  So, be ambitious, become a leader, change the world and possibly much more.
• 當我們在列舉一系列的項目時，在最後一個項目之前，通常會用到連接詞"and"或"or"
  ex: I bought three items at the store: milk, juice and bread.
  而今天課文中，這一系列(be ambitious, become a leader, change the world)省略了"and"，原因是：
  1. 可以將所有項目變成同等，而不會特別強調最後一個項目
  2. 將and移除，可讓聽眾覺得這個系列還有不斷延續下去的可能
• Q：Are there other ways to present a series?
  A：Yes, to make a series move slowly and to see..., you can ... the comma and repeat the conjunction.
  ex:
  1. After finally reaching the top of the huge mountain, Jenny felt amazed and thrilled and exhausted and scared.
  2. You never know what might slow you down on the way to the airport, a flat tire or a traffic jam or a bad storm.
  This pattern also gives each item equal attention and importance.
• 相反的，將系列中每個項目之間都加上"and" or "or"，這樣會把速度放慢，而每個項目都有了同等的地位。

【Language Tips】

1. rebel v.(重音在第二音節) 反抗，反叛 / n. (重音在第一音節) 反抗者
   pattern: rebel against...
   ex: Tom rebelled against his parents' plans for him to go to a private school.
2. authority n. 權威，權柄(例1)；職權(例2)；當權者，官方(例3)
   ex:
   1. The students need to have respect for teachers' authority.
   2. She doesn't have the authority to hire or fire any employees.
   3. The local edution authority decided to close the school.
3. revolution n. 革命，劇烈的變革
   ex:
   1. The oppression from the government eventually lead to revolution.
   2. The invention of the internet caused a revolution in communication.